Two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials, ranging from simple atomic layers to layered Host rich correlated electronic phenomena and synthetic degrees of freedom are found in van der Waals (vdW) materials. Combined with designer heterostructures, which retain monolayer properties, these capabilities make the topology of the bands accessible and allow the formation of exotic topological phases.
Emergent topological phases in 2D quantum materials include quantum spin Hall, quantum anomalous Hall, Chern insulator and Dirac/Weyl semimetal phases. Topology is further engineered in designer heterostructures, moiré patterns, interlayer coupling, and external fields. The theoretical research into these phenomena has been expedited but the experiments are still scarce.