Confidentiality
Editors treat all manuscripts as confidential documents. No information about a submitted paper will be shared with anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and editorial team members as appropriate. Editors ensure the confidentiality of the review process and protect the identities of both reviewers and authors.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
Editors and editorial board members will not use unpublished materials from submitted manuscripts for their own research without the author’s explicit written consent. Privileged information or ideas obtained through handling manuscripts will be kept confidential. Editors will recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, financial, or personal relationships with any authors or institutions involved. In such cases, an unbiased editor will be assigned.

Publication Decisions
All manuscripts under consideration are peer-reviewed by at least two qualified experts. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision on whether a manuscript is accepted for publication, based on its scholarly value, relevance to the journal’s aims, peer reviewers’ feedback, and applicable legal standards such as those related to libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism.

Involvement and Cooperation in Investigations
The editors, in collaboration with the publisher, will take appropriate measures in response to ethical complaints regarding submitted or published work. This includes investigations into allegations of misconduct, even those raised years after publication. The journal adheres to the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines when handling such concerns, and will issue corrections, retractions, or statements of concern as necessary.

Duties of Reviewers
Contribution to Editorial Decisions
Peer reviewers assist the editors in making publication decisions and help authors improve the quality of their manuscripts. Reviewers play an essential role in scholarly communication, particularly in advancing the fields of physical education, health promotion, sports sciences, and holistic wellness.

Promptness
Reviewers who are unable to review a manuscript within the specified timeline or lack the subject expertise should immediately notify the editors and decline the invitation, allowing alternative reviewers to be approached without delay.

Confidentiality
All manuscripts received for review are confidential. Reviewers must not share or discuss them with others unless authorized by the Editor-in-Chief. This obligation applies even to reviewers who decline a review request.

Standards of Objectivity
Reviewers should conduct evaluations objectively and provide constructive, evidence-based feedback. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate. Reviews should focus on the scientific validity, clarity, and relevance of the work, particularly in connection to physical education, sports research, or holistic health practices.

Acknowledgment of Sources
Reviewers should identify any relevant published work not cited by the authors and notify the editors of any suspected plagiarism or duplicate submission. They must alert the editorial team to any overlap with other work of which they are aware.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
Reviewers must declare any potential conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from the review if such conflicts exist. Unpublished materials disclosed in submitted manuscripts must not be used in reviewers’ own research without explicit consent from the authors. Privileged information gained through the review process must remain confidential.

Duties of Authors
Reporting Standards
Authors should present an accurate, honest account of their research along with an objective discussion of its significance for physical education, sports, or holistic wellness. Reports should include sufficient detail to allow replication. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are unethical and unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention
Authors may be asked to provide raw data for editorial review and should be willing to share that data publicly when possible. Data should be retained and accessible for at least 10 years post-publication, respecting confidentiality and legal limitations.

Originality and Plagiarism
Authors must submit only original work and appropriately cite the work and ideas of others. Plagiarism in any form—including direct copying, paraphrasing without attribution, or using another's results—is strictly prohibited.

Multiple, Duplicate, or Redundant Submissions
Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously or submit work that has already been published. In exceptional cases, secondary publication may be allowed, but only with proper justification and agreement by both journals.

Authorship of the Manuscript
Only individuals who have made substantial contributions to the research and manuscript preparation should be listed as authors. All listed authors must approve the final version and agree to its submission. Contributors not qualifying for authorship should be acknowledged with their consent.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
Authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that could bias their work. All sources of funding and potential conflicts must be clearly stated in the manuscript and submission documentation.

Acknowledgment of Sources
Proper credit must be given to previously published work. Permission must be obtained to include information received privately or through confidential services (e.g., peer review, grant reviews).

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects
If the research involves chemicals, procedures, or equipment with inherent risks, these should be clearly stated. For research involving human or animal subjects, authors must confirm adherence to ethical standards and institutional approvals. Informed consent must be obtained and documented for human participants.

Peer Review Cooperation
Authors must participate fully in the peer review process. They should respond to reviewer comments thoroughly and revise their manuscripts accordingly within the specified deadlines.

Fundamental Errors in Published Work
If authors discover a significant error in their published work, they must notify the editors promptly and cooperate in issuing a correction, retraction, or other appropriate statement.

Duties of the Publisher
Handling of Unethical Publishing Behavior
The publisher of the International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Holistic Development, in collaboration with the editorial team, is committed to addressing instances of scientific misconduct, plagiarism, or unethical publishing practices. Appropriate measures include publishing corrections, retractions, or clarifications when necessary. The publisher ensures that ethical standards are upheld and will take steps to prevent publication of work arising from research misconduct.