The study conducted at the University of Danang thoroughly evaluated the impact of the improved physical education program integrating Vovinam martial arts — which included 11 core training groups such as stance techniques, punching, kicking, blocking, counterattack, and sparring — compared to the previous program, with the aim of analyzing differences in students’ technical proficiency and mental state after the experimental period. The results showed that the experimental group not only achieved significantly superior technical improvements, as reflected in higher average scores and better performance stability in specialized tests (p < 0.001), but also demonstrated notable enhancements in mental aspects, including overall health, confidence, enthusiasm, and a positive attitude toward the subject. These findings confirm the comprehensive effectiveness of the improved Vovinam program, highlighting its essential role in enhancing the quality of physical education, fostering character development and determination among students, as well as contributing to the preservation and promotion of Vietnam’s cultural heritage; the study recommends continuing to widely apply this program at other universities and expanding long-term research to assess its deeper impacts.